Part 2 — Customer Segmentation (RFM)

Goal: Move beyond aggregate statistics. Group individual customers by actual behaviour — how recently they rented, how often, and how much they spent — to create segments that can be acted on by a sales or CRM team.


2.1 Why RFM?

RFM (Recency, Frequency, Monetary) is one of the most battle-tested frameworks in customer analytics. It doesn't require demographic data, survey responses, or complex modelling assumptions. It works entirely from transactional history — which is exactly what machinery rental data provides.

Each customer receives three scores:

These scores are combined to assign each customer to a behavioural segment.


2.2 The 5 segments

[INSERT CHART: RFM segmentation output — e.g. scatter plot or segment size bar chart]

Segment Description CRM Priority
Champions High R, F, M — recent, frequent, high-spend Protect & upsell
Loyal Customers High F & M, slightly lower R Re-engage proactively
At-Risk Previously high-value, now going quiet Reactivation campaign
Potential Loyalists Recent but low frequency Nurture toward repeat
Lost / Hibernating Low across all three dimensions Low-cost win-back only

💡 Business implication: The At-Risk segment is the highest-value intervention target. These customers have proven they spend — they just haven't returned recently. A targeted outreach campaign (account manager call, loyalty offer, contract renewal incentive) is far cheaper than acquiring a new customer of equivalent value.


2.3 What the segments tell us about the fleet

RFM segments don't just inform CRM — they reshape fleet planning. Champions concentrated in specific product categories signal where supply reliability is most critical. A Champion customer who can't get the machine they need becomes an At-Risk customer within one rental cycle.